Assessment of ulceration risk in diabetic individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for foot ulceration through the tracing of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease in individuals with type I and II diabetes, who were assisted in reference centers of the Federal District, Brazil. METHOD: a cross-sectional and analytical study, with the assessment of 117 individuals in outpatient clinics of the Federal District. Continuous variables were compared through Mann-Whitney test, and categorized variables, through Chi-square test for univariate analysis and Logistics regression test for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy was present in 37 (75.5%) of the individuals with neuropathy. Deformities and loss of protective plant sensibility were related to neuropathy (p=0.014 and p=0.001, respectively). Of the 40 (34.2%) individuals in the sample who presented peripheral arterial disease, 26 (65%) presented calcification risk. CONCLUSION: signs of painful peripheral polyneuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, deformities, loss of protective plantar sensibility, and dry skin were identified as risk factors for ulceration.

Assessment of ulceration risk in diabetic individuals / Evaluación del riesgo de ulceración en los individuos diabéticos / Avaliação do risco de ulceração em indivíduos diabéticos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the risk factors for foot ulceration through the tracing of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease in individuals with type I and II diabetes, who were assisted in reference centers of the Federal District, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional and analytical study, with the assessment of 117 individuals in outpatient clinics of the Federal District. Continuous variables were compared through Mann-Whitney test, and categorized variables, through Chi-square test for univariate analysis and Logistics regression test for multivariate analysis. Results: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy was present in 37 (75.5%) of the individuals with neuropathy. Deformities and loss of protective plant sensibility were related to neuropathy (p=0.014 and p=0.001, respectively). Of the 40 (34.2%) individuals in the sample who presented peripheral arterial disease, 26 (65%) presented calcification risk. Conclusion: signs of painful peripheral polyneuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, deformities, loss of protective plantar sensibility, and dry skin were identified as risk factors for ulceration.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la ulceración del pie de acuerdo con el rastreo de neuropatía diabética periférica y la enfermedad arterial periférica en los individuos diabéticos tipo I y II asistidos en los centros de referencia del Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal y analítico, con la evaluación de 117 individuos en ambulatorios del Distrito Federal. Las variables continuas fueron comparadas por medio de la prueba de Mann-Whitney, y las variables categorizadas, de las pruebas de chi cuadrado para los análisis univariados y la regresión logística para los análisis multivariados. Resultados: La neuropatía diabética periférica dolorosa estuvo presente en 37 (el 75,5%) de los individuos con neuropatía. Las deformidades y la pérdida de sensibilidad protectora plantar tuvieron relación con la neuropatía (p=0,014 y p=0,001, respectivamente). De los 40 (el 34,2%) individuos de la muestra con enfermedad arterial periférica, 26 (el 65%) presentaron riesgo de calcificación. Conclusión: Identificadas las señales de polineuropatía dolorosa periférica, la enfermedad arterial periférica, las deformidades, la pérdida de sensibilidad protectora plantar y la piel seca como los factores de riesgo para ulceración.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para ulceração do pé mediante o rastreamento de neuropatia diabética periférica e doença arterial periférica em indivíduos diabéticos tipo I e II assistidos em centros de referência do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal e analítico, com avaliação de 117 indivíduos em ambulatórios do Distrito Federal. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney, e as variáveis categorizadas, dos testes de qui-quadrado para análises univariadas e regressão logística para análises multivariadas. Resultados: a neuropatia diabética periférica dolorosa esteve presente em 37 (75,5%) dos indivíduos com neuropatia. Deformidades e perda de sensibilidade protetora plantar tiveram relação com neuropatia (p=0,014 e p=0,001, respectivamente). Dos 40 (34,2%) indivíduos da amostra com doença arterial periférica, 26 (65%) apresentaram risco de calcificação. Conclusão: identificados sinais de polineuropatia dolorosa periférica, doença arterial periférica, deformidades, perda de sensibilidade protetora plantar e pele seca como fatores de risco para ulceração.